Beat the heat: What to know about heat-related illnesses

We all know we must protect our skin from the sun’s harmful rays. But did you know it goes even further than that? Exposure to the sun can induce heat-related illnesses, like heat exhaustion and heat stroke, and can become dangerous if immediate actions aren’t taken.

We spoke to Dr. Jeffrey Handler, Emergency Physician, to learn more about heat-related illnesses and how to protect yourself.

What are heat-related illnesses and how are they caused?

Heat-related illnesses are conditions that occur when the body’s ability to regulate temperature becomes overwhelmed by heat. Heat exhaustion and heatstroke are two major examples. A variety of factors can increase your risk of developing heat illnesses, including: age, activity level, dehydration and adaptation.

What is the difference between heat exhaustion and heat stroke?

Heat-related illnesses run on a spectrum from minor to severe, with heat exhaustion and heat stroke both sitting on that spectrum. The spectrum ranges mild conditions like heat rashes, heat cramps, to more severe forms like heat exhaustion and finally heat stroke. Heat exhaustion can develop into heat stroke, which is the most severe and life-threatening form of heat illness.

What are some of the warning signs to look out for?

Heat exhaustion typically occurs when the body overheats due to prolonged exposure to high temperatures and inadequate hydration. Some of the warning signs include: a high body temperature between 101°F (38.3 C) and 104°F (40 C), muscle cramps, weakness or fatigue, headaches, dizziness, nausea or vomiting, rapid breathing and increased heart rate.

If warning signs are not promptly addressed, this can result in heat stroke with high body temperature above 104°F (40 C), inability to sweat, slurred speech, seizures, hallucinations and altered mental state and confusion, aggression or agitation.

How can you prevent getting sick from the heat?

Heat exhaustion and heat stroke are preventable if you take the right steps. Remember to stay hydrated throughout the day, wear lightweight and light-coloured clothing, take regular breaks in the shade, and avoid strenuous outdoor activities during the hottest parts of the day.

Most importantly, pay attention. Monitor your city’s weather alerts and know the warning signs of heat-related illnesses to protect you and your loved ones.

What actions can you take if you or a loved one is affected?

Drink water to rehydrate and take steps to bring down the body temperature. Applying ice packs to the neck, armpits and groin can help. Remember, heat stroke is an emergency and can become deadly quickly. It is important to note that if you experience any of these symptoms, get out of the sun and seek medical attention immediately if your symptoms continue to get worse.